Void Avoidance Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Much attention has been focused lately on the Opportunistic Routing technique (OR) that can overcome restrictions of harsh underwater environment and unique structures Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs). OR enhances performance UWSNs in both packet delivery ratio energy saving. In our work; we propose a new routing protocol; called Energy Efficient Depth-based with Void Avoidance for (EEDOR-VA), to address void area problem. EEDOR-VA is reactive protocol uses hop count discovery procedure update intermediate nodes between source destination form forwarding sets. sets be selected less or greater depth than holder (i.e., node). It efficiently prevents all void/trapped from being part data transmission procedure; thereby saving network resources delivering packets at lowest possible cost. The results extensive simulation study indicate outperforms other protocols terms consumption.